Asbestos and Demolition: Hidden Dangers in Older Structures
When considering safety during demolition, most people immediately think of risks such as falling debris, electrical hazards, or accidents due to machinery. However, there’s an often-overlooked danger lurking in many older buildings: asbestos. This potentially harmful material, if disturbed, can lead to severe long-term health issues.
In this article, we’ll explore the hidden dangers of asbestos in demolition projects, why it’s hazardous, and the essential steps for handling structures containing this material.
What Exactly is Asbestos?
Asbestos refers to a group of naturally occurring minerals known for their heat resistance, durability, and affordability. These qualities made asbestos a common component in building materials, especially between the 1930s and 1970s. It was frequently used in products like floor and ceiling tiles, insulation, roofing materials, and even some plumbing systems.
While these materials are safe when left undisturbed, they become a serious health threat if disturbed, as they release tiny asbestos fibers into the air. When inhaled, these fibers can lodge in lung tissue, leading to life-threatening conditions like:
Lung Cancer
Mesothelioma (cancer affecting the lung’s lining)
Asbestosis (a non-cancerous lung disease)
Though asbestos use in construction decreased sharply in the 1970s, it remains a risk in older buildings. It's important to note that, unlike many countries that have banned it, the U.S. still permits asbestos in certain materials.
Demolition Risks Involving Asbestos
The real risk arises during demolition. Buildings built before the 1970s are likely to contain asbestos, and if the materials are disturbed during demolition, asbestos fibers are released into the environment. This poses a severe health risk to construction workers and anyone nearby.
Demolition workers must adhere to strict guidelines to avoid exposure. Regulations like the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) require that asbestos be identified and handled safely before any demolition work begins.
Steps for Safe Demolition
Demolishing a structure with asbestos requires detailed planning. An initial inspection identifies asbestos-containing materials. In some cases, an asbestos remediation firm can remove the material safely before demolition begins. If removal isn’t feasible, demolition should proceed carefully, using methods that minimize asbestos disruption.
Here are some safety measures during demolition:
Water spraying to keep airborne fibers down
Personal protective equipment (PPE) like respirators
Strategic demolition to reduce the breaking of asbestos materials
Proper disposal of asbestos waste
Key Risks of Disturbing Asbestos
The primary risk during demolition is the disturbance of asbestos fibers. Once airborne, these microscopic fibers can easily be inhaled, leading to severe respiratory diseases. Proper identification and handling are critical to preventing exposure.
Taking Action: What to Do if Asbestos is Found
Older buildings often contain asbestos, but this shouldn’t cause panic. The risk only arises when the material is disturbed. If a building constructed between the 1930s and 1970s is scheduled for demolition, it's essential to confirm the presence of asbestos and take the necessary precautions.
For any renovation or demolition project, professional asbestos remediation is necessary before work begins. Through proper preparation and handling, the risks associated with asbestos can be significantly minimized, ensuring the safety of workers and the surrounding community.
Ensuring Safety in Demolition Projects
Asbestos exposure remains a significant concern in demolition, especially for older buildings. Understanding the risks and taking the necessary steps can protect workers and the public from harmful exposure. Always consult professionals for proper asbestos assessment and removal before proceeding with any demolition project.